Aug 20, 2012

The Last Word

"The Last Word"
Reflections from the SHOW: Medellín Mi Hogar 2012

"In a state-of-the-art theater in Medellín, we bring story, storyteller and audience together in one room. In this theater desplazadas-neighborhood founders (who tell their own stories in the videos) are the protagonists, critics, audience, and respondents. In a temporary inversion of power, the community members have more prestige and voice than the politicians, social workers, media and university people also in the room. The community members and their stories are (literally) the largest visual, audio, and physical presence—on the massive film screen, filling the majority of the 400 theater seats, on stage and booming through the speakers..."
-Tamera Marko "Transnational Mobility in Conflict Zones: How Alternative Feminist Stories Cross the Colombian-U.S. Border


Cesar
On the day of our presentation, I had two very substantial fears: that no one I had invited would come and that I would embarrass myself in front of dozens of people while delivering my speech. Luckily, neither fear came true. Both my biological family and my host family came to the presentation. In addition, one of the families I had interviewed also came to show their support. And although I was nervous when I gave the speech, I got through it without too much embarrassment. I was most impacted by knowing that all the families that attended had taken time out of their day to watch our films. To them, a day away from a paying job is a sacrifice that they can’t afford to make. Their support of us “gringos” impacted me greatly. I remember thanking one of the families for coming; they responded by thanking me for allowing them to tell their story and for wanting to help change Colombia for the better. We were all so grateful, yet I felt as if I could never repay them for all that they taught me. Although some of the documentaries were sad, the environment we were in fostered healthy discussions about the future instead of morbid pity about the past. On that day I learned about hard work, family values, cultural pride, and the need to change perceptions. Seeing the reactions of the families while we viewed filled my heart with pride and my eyes with tears. Now that I’m about to return home, I hope that our work can convince other students to come to Medellin and learn lessons of their own.
Carrie
On Friday, we had our final theater presentation. I was nervous that the families I interviewed would not show up to the event. Especially because at 9:05 (5 minutes after the event was supposed to begin), none of my families were there. Since the families I visited were in the corregimientos, my families were at least an hour from the city's center (where we held the presentation). The city provided transportation for the families, but I feared that Berta, Gloria, and Antonio would not be able to attend (due to work, prior obligations, the distance in general, etc.). I also feared that Luz, who I had never officially met (because Katie filmed/interviewed and I edited for the video), would freak out when I introduced myself.. I feel like I know her well from the video I've watched a million times and she didn't even know I existed. Luckily, soon after, I turned around to three smiling faces. Although hesitant at first, Luz greeted me with open arms and thanked me for helping with her video. Gloria and Antonio called their video "espectacular"! Berta was unable to attend because her son had a ceremony for joining the military, and I hope that she enjoys the video when she receives her copy.

Throughout the entire process of creating and editing videos, our group has been contemplating the true value of our service. Tam and Jota always told us that "we are documenting stories that would otherwise die with their tellers and capturing memories that people may not know exist." Friday was the first time that I honestly believed that.

Gloria and Antonio, flower growers that create "silletas" in Santa Elena, said that the video gave the campesinos (peasants in the countryside) a voice - one that is rarely heard by Medellin but needs to be. This made me proud of our work, and I hope that future Duke Engage Colombia-ers have as an incredible of a time as I have had the past 8 weeks. I am sad to leave, but happy at the same time – because I know I will be back.

Dani
My biggest fear about the show was that it would feel like the end. Or that it would be the end. The end of something. We always knew that August 10th was inevitable, but in June it seemed too far off on the horizon and in July it was always a few weeks away. It didn’t seem real until August-a tangible grasp on the deadline so to speak of sharing our work beyond the confines of our Macbooks.

This fear wouldn’t allow for me to feel happy or sad, because it was never an ‘either or.’ I felt moments of both extremes- happiness over the celebration of our work and sadness regarding many of the stories and matching faces to those gut wrenching personal narratives. So maybe my fear wasn’t the feeling of closure, but rather facing the reality of our experiences here in Colombia over the last two months. Since calling Carlos E home, our lives have been nearly indescribable and a word or two fails to encompass it all, just barely skimming over the surface of a complex web of emotions.

During the course of the show, I was humbled by the overwhelming gratitude each of us expressed for our cogestores, the families we interviewed, and our homestay support networks. This event was for them. And as I watched the videos playing on the big screen, I was so proud of these families for their bravery, their courage to talk about painful experiences, and their eagerness to share both their hurt and joy with us. Making the documentaries and giving their courage a voice united us, accurately conveying the collaboration between Duke Engage and Medellín Solidaria. And even though the families that I had interviewed were not present, I could still feel Doña Maria Elena's presence, Don Orlando's stoic courage, and Doña Zoraida's vivacious spirit. 

One of my favorite moments, however, was listening to Gloria and Antonio comment on their video and how proud they were to participate in the Feria de Flores and to be campesinos. Although it seems difficult to imagine, their pride and joy was even more pronounced at the post- video showing, Gloria’s face glowing with even more happiness.

But perhaps what I learned from the families that attended this event was what this celebration truly meant for them-for us it was somewhat of an end, but for them, it was only the beginning. The beginning of a long process of coming to grips with the past, confronting the memories, allowing themselves to grieve, to cry, to laugh, to smile, to feel. I remember seeing Elena, a woman from Katie’s video, sobbing during Julie’s video that played at the beginning of the show. And I could not even begin to understand how emotional it must have been for her to listen to another’s story and know that you’re not alone. And after all the hours interviewing in the field, editing the footage, and piecing together our documentaries frame by frame, I now have a deeper understanding of the impact of our work here this summer. This summer, we listened. We emoted. We showed compassion, understanding, friendship, and love. We crossed borders. We built bridges of understanding between two languages and two cultures. And we brought two worlds together.

Julie

Rubiela was the first guest to show up to the event. I didn’t realize how happy I would be to see her. We met on my first day in the field and I almost thought she wouldn’t even remember me, but while the other guests trickled into the auditorium, we laughed about how at our first meeting we needed Johanna to translate every word. The next thing I knew, Rubiela was giving me outdated pesos for me to keep as a memory and as a collector’s item. It really touched me that she remembered so vividly our short time together and wanted to give me something in return. At times, I’ve felt like our visits to these homes are just fleeting moments in these peoples’ lives, but this restored my faith in the impact that I’ve had here. The fact that Rubiela wanted to give me something in return must have meant that I gave her something in our short time together.

After the event, I didn’t feel as much closure as I expected. My fear beforehand was that I wouldn’t be content with the videos I made and that I’d want to improve them. It was unsettling to show the videos to the families while I was noticing mistakes and things I wish I would have fixed previously. And so I didn’t feel like I was completely finished, which makes it even harder to come to terms with the fact that we’re leaving in less than 2 days. I don’t have a brand new house that I built with my own hands that I can look at and think, “it’s because of me that this family now has a roof over their head.” Closure is a funny thing.

I truly feel, though, that we have given a lot to the community in our time here, but because of the abstractness of the project, it’s a very hard thing to be certain of. But I’ve come to realize something very special about this project—something that makes it very unique from other service projects, and one that makes it powerful in its own way. We did not fly into Medellín with a collective expertise that we planned on imparting to our community partners. We did not get here and teach a local enterprise how to improve their business. We did not drive into a neighborhood, dig a trench for a piping system, and offer water to a community. We didn’t decide that a group of people was missing something and try to give it to them. What we did was open our ears, open our hearts, and open our minds. We asked the community to tell us what we needed to know, what they wanted to tell us. Winston Churchill once said, “courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.”

It took a lot of courage to sit and watch my videos because I had to sit down and listen to the potential criticism of my work. And it took a lot of courage this whole time throughout this whole process—to listen impartially to these difficult stories, to edit them with care, and to respect the words and wishes of our interviewees. And while we may not leave with mud on our hands and scrapes on our knees as evidence of our work here, those things will wash away in the shower and heal in a few weeks. Open minds and fuller hearts will stay forever.

David
While planning for the event, I wasn’t able to pinpoint any fears because I didn’t know what to expect. The great unknown stretched before and I couldn’t picture myself in that new setting because everything was so new. The experience was identical to before I came to Colombia. I began to as we prepared for the event. It was reported that the social workers wouldn’t be attending the event because they had work and my heart sank. Carmen, the social worker I followed through the neighborhoods, wouldn’t be able to make it and I’d be deprived of seeing her response to the documentary I made focusing on her.


Eventually she did walk in and my disappointment was replaced by the fear that I didn’t do her story justice and that she wouldn’t like it. Furthermore, if her superiors, who were present at the show, disapproved she might lose her job. After mentally reviewing the documentary I realized that I was being irrational. Carmen’s interviews were perfect, she only said amazing things about MS and the story she told of Doña Amparo displayed how much she cared about her work. Once I realized these things I was able to reassure Carmen that she had no reason to worry.
From that point forward, I was bouncing off the walls happy. I was excited about making my speech, I was elated that Carmen and my host brother made time to watch the show and my partners’ faces when they saw the families they interviewed added to all this. I simply couldn’t keep myself from beaming the whole time.


Looking back on my experience, I find that words escape me when I try to express how thankful I am that these people had the courage to share with us such difficult and beautiful stories. How thankful I am for Carmen letting me into her life so wholeheartedly. I wish that I had more time to spend getting to know the families better and hang out with Carmen and her family. For now I’ll have to settle with remembering their stories as I admire the family portraits I took for them and wait for my next trip to see those who I’m leaving.

Until then, chao Medellin.


Albert

I did not sleep well the entire week before the theater event.  I tend to become very anxious about things well in advance.  This event was a culmination of all our hard work, so I rationalized that these worries should be expected.  I pictured the families that I interviewed with a look of confusion as they told me they absolutely hated my videos.  This did not come true, as both of the families loved them. 

The dialogue that occurred after each viewing impacted me most. I attempted to tell my families and an audience why I chose to pursue their stories and what I found special about them.  The families reacted warmly with a great amount of gratitude and emotion.  They told me why they decided to confide in me and allow me in their home.  They noted my personality, my dancing abilities, and my curiosity.

This brings me to my biggest fear of not only the theatre show, but also of the entire trip: expressing my emotions in Spanish.  I remember clearly that after showing my first video, a video about Maria Juanita Bernal who’s father had given her away after discovering she had Polio, I tried to tell her why I chose her story.  I tried to explain that I felt a connection with the two families I selected, the story of Maria Juanita and Gladys Elena Muñoz.  It was the warm welcome that struck me upon entering their homes, their powerful stories that show the strength of women, and the happiness I felt well after I leaving.  Well…that’s what I meant to say.  I am not sure if this fear came true because I felt like I butchered every word I could muster together in a sentence, but many of the host moms later commented on how well I spoke.  I guess I’ll never know.

Since the show, I’ve thought about the impact of this theater event.  I saw that my work touched the emotional chords of the two families I made documentaries of. I saw how families from the countryside of Santa Elena spoke to families in the various communities in the city. They communicated through this forum that we created with the theater show.  Gladys Elena Muñoz’s daughter said that my video showed the strength of single mothers.  She told the audience that she worries about her son growing up and asking where his father is, but my video somehow lessened her worries.  Maria Juanita’s daughter described their hesitance about their mother being on camera, but after watching, they appraised me for portraying their mother as they see her. They both thanked me for visiting, but I still am not sure how these videos achieved such a powerful impact.  How did these short documentaries help their lives, relieve their worries and elicit such emotional responses.  I believe that I can describe how this process has left an impression on me, but what I left behind still eludes me. 

Katie

Last Friday was the culmination of our two-months of work in Colombia.  Some of the families we interviewed were invited, in addition to our host families and cogestoras.  The presentation was from 9-12 on a workday so going in, I was very afraid the families I had interviewed would not come.  Therefore, when I saw Luz and Elena arrive I leapt from my chair and attacked them with an enthusiasm that in retrospect could have scared them away but they did not run in fear and we sat together to watch the presentation.  The first film shown told the story of a family that had been displaced in a similar manner to the way in which Elena and Luz had been displaced.  The woman from the video described how she had founded a group for displaced families in her neighborhood and I kept thinking how valuable this would be in Santo Domingo, the neighborhood where I worked and Luz and Elena lived.  After the video ended, we broke into individual groups by neighborhood and I showed the videos of Luz and Elena, where they both told their stories of displacement and survival. During Luz’s video, Elena cried and during Elena’s video they both cried.  It struck me then that a great purpose of the presentation was providing a forum in which people from Medellín can meet other families with backgrounds similar to theirs.  After my videos ended, Elena spoke with Luz and I am proud to have been a part of something that brought these women together.  They only live a few blocks from each other and have experienced displacement at the hands of Guerillas and paramilitaries, the murder of their husbands, and the establishment of a new life in Medellín.  I am honored to have introduced them because I think, I hope, that if they work together they can accomplish more than I as a foreigner could hope to accomplish.  These are strong, independent women and if they combine their resources, knowledge and history, they can create something like the group for displaced people that we saw in the first video.  I think the greatest value in this presentation is showing the stories of individuals to people from all over Medellín.  Hopefully, this will trigger a greater social change that will continue helping people in Medellín after DukeEngage has left.
        
Alexa

The truth is that I do not want to get my hopes up. When I called Sobeida for the first time to arrange to see her again, her voice lit up the phone, my nerves disappeared and the excitement I sensed invigorated me. When I saw her the next morning, her small hands pulled me forward into a warm hug and I felt more prepared to ask the difficult questions written on the inside of my hand. After the walk to her house, I met her daughter again. She ran around the house and came back, face beaming with pride as she held out a beautiful pair of blue and white beaded earrings that she had made. The first words she said to me were that they were a gift. The last were that she would work on another pair with me in mind for the show on Friday.

The following three nights I went without sleep so that I could finish the film in time for it to be included on the DVD that would be distributed throughout the city. I had never pushed myself for that long and through the discouragement I sometimes felt within myself and among the others; I wanted to do it for Sobeida. I wanted her story to be shared as that of an awe-inspiring woman that forced you to sympathize with people often neglected; vendors selling fruit to passing cars at street lights, mothers forced to leave their sleeping children at 3 in the morning in order to work, women supporting their family with one salary that is inherently less than a mans…

Through the long hours of editing, I lost sight of which holes I was filling in her story on my own as I watched the evolving film. Had I done some injustice by cutting out a vital part of the narrative? The transitions looked rugged, the b-roll looked shaky, the sound was uneven and I was disappointed. The film made it. The next day, Albert and Julie asked if they could see it. Through phone calls and idle conversation in the room, their attention didn’t stray throughout the whole 13 minutes and as the credits began to roll, I saw on their faces a similar reaction that I had had after hearing her history. The relief that the intensity of her story had lasted through my editing of the narrative made me anxious to share it with her at the show. The documentary was something I was proud of and I started thinking of ways that I could share it to inspire others to think differently of displaced women, Colombia, and “the poor” who often were grouped together under a unanimous face of poverty.

Several days before the show, someone was shot in Sobeida’s neighborhood. The afternoon before the show as we were preparing in Tam’s apartment, Jota got a call that Sobeida wanted the video to be pulled from the project. After having worked on the film so intensely, the hardest part was understanding that I had no part in her story. Hers had inspired my own experience in Medellín so much that I was disappointed I would not be able to share it as something that had moved me to think differently. As hard as it was to hear, it was not something I ever questioned. This is her story and her reason for pulling it reminded me again of my small understanding of the caution she has been forced to live with over the last fifteen years.

She agreed to come to the event so that I could give her a private screening of the film and talk to her about what she was comfortable sharing. I stayed up again in preparation for the show, editing out the parts that could put her at risk. We arrived an hour early, I scuttled in holding up my dress and finishing the breakfast wrapped up in a paper towel my mom had left me with. As the other students talked about the possible reactions of their families, I went to the bathroom brushed my teeth to pass the time.

Sobeida ultimately decided not to come.

Aug 14, 2012

SHOW 2012: Medellín, Mi Hogar

Carrie
Buenos días, me llamo Caroline. Antes de hacer los documentales con el programa Duke Engage, no sabía mucho de Medellin. Pero todas las personas que he encontrado me enseñó algo importante - las personas de Medellin son amigables, quieren vivir en paz, y protegen su familia y su hogar. El orgullo de ser un Paisa trasciende todo. Esta cultura y amistad es algo que no quiero dejar. Muchas gracias a mis cogestoras de Medellin Solidaria y todas las familias que les entrevisté, especialmente Doña Berta, Doña Gloria, y Don Antonio. Antonio y Gloria, silleteros en Santa Elena, me dijeron que las personas deben crecer con las flores y morir con las flores también. Creo que esta representa el amor profundo por su tierra. Cuando vi el desfile de silleteros, me sentí orgullo de ellos y orgullo de Colombia. Esta es algo que me impactó mucho y que voy a recordar por todo mi vida. Estoy muy agradecida de esta experiencia inolvidable. No sería capaz de hacer nada sin su ayuda. Muchísimas gracias a todos! 

Good morning, my name is Caroline. Before creating the documentary videos with the Duke Engage program, I did not know much about Medellin. But, everyone that I have met taught me something important - the people of Medellin are friendly, want to live in peace, and protect their family and their home. The pride of being a "Paisa" (someone from Medellin) transcends everything. This culture and friendship is something that I do not want to leave. Thank you so much to my social workers from Medellin Solidaria and all of the families that I interviewed, especially Berta, Gloria, and Antonio. Antonio and Gloria, people who make "silletas" in Santa Elena, told me that people should grow with the flowers and die with the flowers too. I think that this represents a deep love for their land. When I saw the silletero parade, I was proud of them and proud of Colombia. This is something that impacted me a lot and that I will remember for the rest of my life. I am very thankful for this unforgettable experience. I could not have done anything without all of your help. Thank you so much to everyone! 
Cesar
Buenos dias, mi nombre es Cesar Andres Perez Duque. De parte de mis companeros y yo, queremos darles las gracias a todas las personas presente. Gracias a Tam y Jota (los directores de DukeEngage Colombia) y a Medellin Solidaria (especialmente a los cogestores) por hacer este programa posible. Gracias a nuestras familias adoptivas por mostrarnos tanto cariño. Por ustedes, nos sentimos como si estuvieramos en nuestra propias casas. Gracias a nuestros compañeros (los de la Nacional y los de la Duke) por haber hecho estos dos meses inolvidables. Sin ustedes, no hubieramos salido ni a la esquina. Y, ante todo, gracias a las familias que entrevistamos por recibirnos en sus hogares y por contartnos sus historias. Este dia es para ustedes, para que el mundo escuche sus voces. Tambien quiero darle las gracias a mi familia, la cual es Paisa. Gracias a mis tios, tias, y primos por el amor y el apoyo que me han dado. Gracias a mi mama por ser la mujer mas fuerte e independiente que conozco. Sin ustedes no seria el hombre quien soy. He aprendido tanto en estos dos meses: no solamente sobre Colombia, pero tambien a cerca de mi. Nunca olvidare lo que ustedes me han enseñado, ni me olvidare de las caras que veo en la multitud de personas. Prometo que un dia volvere a la tierra de mis padres, no como un Estadounidense, pero como un Paisa. ¡Que viva Colombia!

Good morning, my name is Cesar Andres Perez Duque. On behalf of my companions and I, we want to thank everyone present. Thanks to Tam and Jota (the directors of DukeEngage Colombia) and Medellin Solidaria (especially the social workers) for making this program possible. Thanks to our adoptive families for showing us so much affection; because of you all, we feel at home. Thanks to our partners (those of the National University and the Duke University) for making these two months unforgettable. Without you, we would not have ventured past the corner of our neighborhood. And, above all, thanks to all the families we interviewed for receiving us in their homes and for telling us their stories. This day is for you, so the world can hear your voices. I also want to thank my family, which is Paisa. Thanks to my uncles, aunts, and cousins for the love and support they have given me. Thanks to my mom for being the strongest and most independent woman I know. Without you all, I would not be the man I am today. I learned so much in these two months, not only about Colombia, but also about myself. I will never forget what you all have taught me, nor will I forget the faces I see in the crowd. I promise that one day I will return to the land of my parents, not as an American, but as a Paisa. Long live Colombia!
David
Gracias a Carmen, la cogestora de Medellín Solidaria con quien trabajé, por mostrarme los bellos barrios donde ella trabaja y por dejarme entrar en su casa sin reservas. Además, muchas gracias a ella y a su familia por hacerme sentir bienvenido cada vez que nos sentábamos en su mesa, con la maravillosa comida que prepararon para mi y por degustar las fajitas picantes que hice para ustedes. Gracias por mostrarme tu Medellín que no olvidaré. Gracias a las familias de los barrios, La Cruz, Manrique Oriental y Versalles numero uno, por el cariño que he recibido. Hablar con ustedes ha sido una bendición y son las personas más amigables que he conocido. Gracias por compartir libremente conmigo sus historias tan espontáneamente a pesar de que apenas me habían conocido. Sin todos ustedes, mi experiencia aquí en Medellín no hubiera sido la misma. Muchas Gracias.

I’d like to thank Carmen, my cogestora from Medellin Solidaria, for showing me around the beautiful neighborhoods she works in and for letting me into her home wholeheartedly. I’d like to thank her and her family for making me feel welcome every time we sat around the dining room table, whether we were eating the carne y arroz they prepared for me or the spicy fajitas I made for them. Thank you for showing me the Medellin you know and I won’t forget it. I’d also like to thank all of the families in these neighborhoods, La Cruz, Manrique Oriental, Versalle 1, etc. for doing the same. Being able to talk to you all has been a blessing and you’re some of the nicest people I’ve met. Thank you for openly sharing your stories with me even though you only a phone call the day before. Without you all, my experience here would not be as full as it has been.

Katie

Quiero darle las gracias a mi madre de Colombia, Vicky y mi cogestora Eliana.  Todos ustedes han hecho esto posible.  Para las familias, quiero darle las gracias por darme la bienvenida en sus vidas y por mostrarme su Colombia. Quiero darle las gracias por dejarme entrevistarle y por compartir tanto conmigo. A través de sus historias, he visto una fuerza increíble. A través de sus experiencias, he aprendido el valor de la fortaleza cuando es más fácil dejar de renunciar. Ahora estoy volviendo a casa, pero nunca olvidaré mis dos meses en Colombia y las familias increíbles que he conocido y las historias que me contaron. A menudo me gustaría poder quedarme aquí más tiempo y hacer más, pero por ahora estoy contenta sabiendo que me devolveré siendo una persona más fuerte que cuando vine, y esto, se lo debo a todos ustedes.

I want to thank my host mom, Vicky and my cogestora Eliana  for making this project possible.  To the families, I want to thank you for welcoming me into your lives and for showing me your Colombia.  I want to thank you for letting me interview you and for sharing so much with me, but most of all I want to thank you for your kindness.  Through your stories, I have seen suffering, but also incredible strength.  Through your experiences, I have learned the value of fortitude when it is easier to quit.  Just keep on keeping on.  I have always known this phrase but now I know the bravery perseverance requires.  I have seen your courage in the face of adversity and true happiness despite overwhelming loss.  I am now returning home but I will never forget my two months in Colombia and the incredible families I met and the stories they told me.  I often wish I could stay here longer and do more, but for now I am content knowing I return a stronger person than when I came, and for that, I owe all of you.


Dani
Buenos días, mi nombre es Dani. Las tres semanas que pasé en el Picacho con mi cogestora, Maria Silvera, fueron una de las mejores experiencias de mi vida. Debido a la paciencia y la ayuda de mi cogestora, yo aprendí la bondad y la generosidad sincera. Estoy muy agradecida con Doña Maria Elena y Don Orlando quien me recibieron como una gran amiga y confidente. Ellos me mostraron a ser fuerte a pesar de todo y que la familia es siempre lo más importante. Y estoy muy agradecida con Doña Zoraida y como ella me ha enseñado que el baile puede mejorar el mundo y alcanza la paz, paso a paso. Nunca olvidaré las dos veces que subí las escaleras a la casa de Doña Maria Elena y Don Orlando para entrevistarlos y pasar tiempo charlando juntos. Y nunca olvidaré las caras cariñosas y animados en la clase de baile de Doña Zoraida- su energía y su gran pasión por enseñar. Muchísimas gracias por estos dos meses en Medellín y también por todas las experiencias y recuerdos inolvidables.

Good morning! My name is Danielle. The three weeks that I spent in Picacho with my cogestora (social worker), Maria Silvera, was on of the best experiences of my life. Due to the patience and assistance of my cogestora, I learned kindness and sincere generosity. I am very thankful for Mrs. Maria Elena and Mr. Orlando who received me as a good friend and confidante. They showed me to be strong above all else and that family is always of the utmost importance. And I am very thankful for Mrs. Zoraida and how she taught me that dance can improve the world and communicate peace, step by step. I will never forget the two times that I went up the stairs to Mrs. Maria Elena and Mr. Orlando's house to interview them and spent time chatting together. And I will never forget the caring and animated faces in Mrs. Zoraida's dance class- her energy and great passion for teaching. Many thanks for these two months in Medellín and also for all of the unforgettable experiences and memories.
Julie

Para mí, este proyecto no es sólo mío. Es igualmente de todos ustedes. Es por todos ustedes que yo fui capaz de conectar tan profundamente y tan rápidamente en Medellín, he llegado a apreciar mi trabajo y el impacto de este proyecto. Es por el amor y el calor que siento en mi casa huésped todas las mañanas cuando me despierto y me saludan. Es gracias a la ayuda y la paciencia que he recibido de mi cogestora, Johanna. Es a causa de la verdadera amistad que he encontrado en mis compañeros. Es a causa de la orientación y el liderazgo de Jota y Tam. Es, por la increíble voluntad de esta ciudad que nos permita, como estudiantes de los Estados Unidos, tener la movilidad en estos 2 meses. Es a causa de la camaradería que hemos establecido entre los ocho de nosotros. Y, por supuesto, es a causa de todas las familias que entrevisté. Gracias, Doña Rubiela, Doña Rosalba, y Alexander, por su confianza, la hospitalidad y buena disposición para compartir conmigo. Ustedes me han inspirado, me han impactado profundamente, y me han enseñado el verdadero significado de la resilencia. Todos ustedes me han dado tanto en estos dos meses, más de lo que yo he podido reciprocar. Y por esto, me gustaría darles las gracias.

For me, this project is not just mine. It is equally all of yours. It is because of all of you that I was able to connect so deeply and so quickly in Medellín and I have grown to care tremendously about my work and impact here. It is because of the love and warmth I feel from my homestay family every morning when I wake up and greet them. It is because of the help and patience I have received from my cogestora, Johanna. It is because of the true friendship I have found in my compañeros. It is because of the guidance and leadership from Jota and Tam. It is because of this city’s incredible willingness to let us students from the United States have such mobility in these 2 months. It is because of the camaraderie we have established among the eight of us. And of course, it is because of all of the families I interviewed. Thank you, Doña Correa, Doña Salazar, and Alexander, for your trust, hospitality, and willingness to share with me. You have inspired me, impacted me deeply, and taught me the true meaning of resilience. You all have given me so much in these 2 months—more than I could possibly dream of giving back. And for this, I would like to say thank you. 

Alexa

In the United States, we have a phrase, home is where the heart is. From my first week here until today, what has moved me about the city is its people. I arrived at midnight after a day of traveling, nervous and with heavy luggage pulling at my arms. My host mom, Ceci, pushed my suitcases away and hugged me for the first time as if she hadn’t seen me in 15 years. My guard went down and I felt at home. Sobeida was the first family that I interviewed in my three weeks working in Santo Domingo. I was so nervous as I descended the 184 steps to her house, but as she shared with me her story of displacement and her daughter’s kidnapping, I felt compelled to share the story of her strength as a single mother. In telling Sobeida’s story, I realized part of my own. When she put her confidence in me to share her voice, I opened up myself to others here. The relationship that grew from that with my compañeros and my family has made this city home. These videos will always be a reminder of that home you all have created for me here. Thank you for making me feel like your daughter and your close friend. Perhaps I am not paisa but I hope that I can take what I have learned from you and share that in the United States. Donde hay un paisa, está Medellín. When people ask me what I loved about Medellín, I will tell them that it is so much more than the beauty of the mountains or the city, it is the soul and voice of the people and I will always keep that in my mind and in my heart.

Albert
Hola, me llamo Albert DeCaprio. En mi hogar en los Estados Unidos no siempre pienso en mis raíces Colombianas. Yo fui adoptado de Topaipí, Cundinamarca cuando tenía cuatro meses. Por eso, antes de venir a Colombia,  tenía un mezcla de emociones. No tenía confianza en mi capacidad para hablar en español y estaba nervioso de vivir con una familia huésped. Pero ahora estoy aquí: aliviado, cómodo, y amañado en esta ciudad, y ya deje todas mis preocupaciones atrás. En este momento no quiero irme de este lugar tan hermoso. He aprendido mas español en estos dos meses que en todos mis semestres en la universidad.  Mi familia huésped Colombiana me recibió con los brazos abiertos y no creo que entiendan que difícil va ser despedirme de ellos.

Estaba hablando con mi mama huésped colombiana un fin de semana, y me dijo algo que he oído varias veces y de varias personas: “Los simples detalles son los que hacen feliz la vida, no se necesita dinero para ser felices”.  Es fácil  decirlo, pero solamente he visto esto en la práctica acá. Toda la gente que yo entrevisté y conocí viven este dicho. Aquí se hace mucha  énfasis en las relaciones entre las personas, el orgullo por la ciudad es muy fuerte, la cultura es muy rica y en cualquiera situación, la gente nunca se olvida de lo que agradecen. En los estados unidos, algunas veces pierdo sentido de lo que es más importante: la familia, los amigos, la salud y la fe. Espero que cuando regrese a mi universidad, recordaré y trataré de vivir una vida mas sencilla.

Hello, my name is Albert DeCaprio.  In my home in the U.S., I don’t always think about my Colombian Roots.  I was adopted from Topaipí, Cundinamarca when I was 4 months old.  Because of this, before I came to Colombia, I had a mix of emotions.  I did not have confidence in my ability to speak in Spanish and I was nervous of living with a host family.  But now, I’m here, relieved, comfortable and happy in this city, and I’ve Left all of my worries behind me. In this moment, I don’t want to leave this beautiful place.  I have learned more Spanish in these two months than in all of my semesters in college.  My Colombian host family received me with open arms, and I don’t relieve they understand how difficult it’s going to be to say goodbye. 



I was talking to my host mom one weekend and she told me something that I have heard many times and from many people: “The simple things in life are what make you happy.  You do not need money to be happy”. It is an easy phrase to say, but I have only seen this in practice here.  All of the people that I met and interviewed live this phrase.  Here, there is more emphasis in the personal relationships, the pride for the city is very strong, the culture is very rich and, in any situation, Paisas never forget what they are thankful for.  In the U.S., sometimes I lose sight of what is the most important: family, friends, health and faith.  I hope that when I return to college, I will remember and I will try to live a simpler life. 




Aug 9, 2012

Medellín, Mi Hogar DVD LANZAMIENTO

Queridas & Queridos,

Aquí esta una invitación a nuestro SHOW de los documentales que hicimos entre junio-julio 2012 con los estudiantes de Duke University, Medellín Solidaria y 98 familias en 15 barrios en Medellín. 

El tema es como ellos han construido su cuidad. 15 familias de estas estarán presentes como protagonistas, audiencia, presentadores, y críticos de los documentales.

DukeEngage Colombia, Medellín Solidaria & 98 Familias Presentan:

medellín, mi hogar / my home medellín 2012
DVD Lanzamiento
14 documentales de 5 minutes

Viernes 10 de Agosto

ITM (Boston) 4pm-6pm
Auditorio Edificio RutaN. 9am-12pm
Calle 67 No 52-20 / Teléfono:385 6758 – 311 610 9540

Dear All,

We invite you to our debut show of 14 documentaries we made between June-July 2012 in Medellín with Duke University students, Medellín Solidaria and families in 15 neighborhoods throughout Medellín.  The theme is stories they wish to tell about how they have built their city. The 15 families themselves will be present at the debut as protagonists, audience, presenters and critics of the documentaries.


DukeEngage Colombia, Medellín Solidaria & 98 Familias Present:

medellín, mi hogar / my home medellín 2012
DVD Launch
14 documentaries     5 minutes each

Auditorio Edificio RutaN.  9am-12pm
Calle 67 No 52-20 / Teléfono:3856758 - 3116109540


Aug 4, 2012

Finishing up our documentaries...


Three Fourths

Katie
McDonald’s Tastes Better in Colombia

I love Colombian culture.  As this Duke Engage experience draws to a close, I have come to realize how thoroughly immersed I am.  Conversations with my host family no longer revolve around the mundane, but instead encompass my plans for the future, my host mom’s hopes for her son and open-ended invitations to return, forever.  My knowledge of Spanish has quadrupled as I find myself not just reading subtitles in English, but writing them.  I have even acquired a taste for arepisa, and am not sure dinner back in the U.S. will be worth eating without it.

However earlier today Carrie and I craved a dose of American culture so naturally, we thought McDonalds.  We hailed a taxi and asked to go to that one mall that we thought might have a McDonalds and the taxi driver replied authoritatively, “ahh… Unicentro…” so we headed in that direction.  Carrie checked to verify that this was correct.  It wasn’t… so we headed to another mall.  Turns out that wasn’t correct either.  We called Jota, our director, and he gave the driver an address so Carrie and I sat back and relaxed for the first time on what had been a very stressful cab ride.
        
Next thing we know, the taxi is pulling up to our neighborhood.  I could picture Jota standing on the corner, laughing at us, as though directing the driver back home and depriving us of McDonalds was punishment for not knowing where we were going.  However, the neighborhood turned out to be a minor detour, Jota wasn’t there to make fun of us, and we soon found ourselves at McDonalds.

But this was no ordinary McDonalds.  The patio outside contained large white umbrellas and perfectly trimmed hedges, reminding me more of a country club than America’s favorite fast food chain. Inside, there was a separate counter for “McCafe” that was about 10 times fancier than my local Starbucks.  I kept thinking about what a bargain this was: free wifi, air-conditioning (I have literally only been in one other building with AC in Colombia), kind and attentive waiters, and I still had the dollar menu.  Wrong.  The menu boasted a 17,000 peso hamburger.  That’s the equivalent of $9, making McDonalds the 2nd most expensive restaurant I have been to in Colombia.  So when I sat down with my hamburger and fries, you better believe I enjoyed every last bite.  All nine dollars worth.  

As Carrie and I sat on the patio savoring the last of our feast, a little girl and her mom came out, and the mom was sporting a Luis Vuiton handbag.  The little girl pointed at us, the two “gringas” in our “natural habitat.”  I waved at her as her mom laughed and rolled her eyes.  “I blame your hair,” said Carrie, as if she totally would blend in as a paisa if I weren’t there.

And that’s how I have grown in the last two months.  Even though I look more Swedish than Colombian and will never be a Paisa, I now feel more comfortable at Las Monas, eating platano and carne de res, than I do in McDonalds, and not just because the three course meal at Las Monas is cheaper than my quarter pounder.  Suffice it to say, after our two-hour excursion to McD’s, I had never been happier to return to my dinner of arrepisa and tea de la casa with conversation in Spanish and no over-priced hamburger in sight.
Cesar
One of the biggest challenges I have had to face in Medellin is whether or not I wanted to include my family’s story in the documentary I am currently working on. Initially, I thought it would be a great to talk about how my family fled Medellin amidst the violence caused by drug trafficking and about how they began new lives in the United States. I am, after all, proud to have such a strong and supportive family. So it was decided, I would be interviewed and my story would be stand alongside the stories of the people I had interviewed during my first three weeks in Medellin. Then, something changed. I began editing my interview and came to the realization that I would have to show this to dozens, if not hundreds, of people during our presentation. On top of that, the video would be posted on online and become available to anyone with an Internet connection. I hadn’t consulted my family about my interview and I had said some very private things. Plus, I felt as if though the focus of my documentary should be about the underprivileged people of Medellin, not about a privileged Duke student that came from a very fortunate family. Needless to say, I freaked out. I talked to Tam about my insecurities and she was very supportive of my decision. So now, I’m focusing my documentary on all the lessons the families I’ve interviewed have taught me. Here’s the introduction to my documentary: 

Although I consider myself first and foremost an American – or how Colombians say, “Estadounidense” – I also have a deep connection with Medellin: both of my parents are Paisas (born and raised in Medellin). Yet, I feel like this connection has always been superficial. I have always worried about how other Paisas view me. Do they resent me because of my life in the United States? Or are they proud that I have been able to maintain close roots with Medellin? Even though I was born and raised in the United States, I’ve traveled to Colombia more than a dozen times, but each visit has been to see my family. They take me to tourist locations, sheltering me from the city’s struggles. My mom left her life in Medellin due to the violence. In 1981, she went to the United States in search of a better life. She is a typical Paisa mom and she raised me to value family and friends. She also used the struggles she had to overcome, leaving her home and starting anew in another country, as life lessons for me. My mother's upbringing in Medellin played a pivotal role in defining the strong, independent woman she would one day become. She grew up in home and working conditions similar to those of the people I interviewed. I never fully understood why my mom is the way she is or why my family members, in both countries, are the way they are. Medellin Solidaria and DukeEngage Colombia have given me an opportunity to reconcile my unfamiliarity with my family and the city’s struggles with poverty, violence, and drug trafficking. So here I am, in Medellin, honored and humbled to share the stories of “mi gente”…
Me as a child, dressed in typical Paisa clothing and holding a typical Paisa drink.
Carrie
DukeEngage in Medellin exposes you to two different worlds.
There is the one in the field, which is marked by struggling and hope. Everyday, I would meet parents sacrificing everything to educate their children, families living without access to drinkable water, and relationships that seem beyond repairable. This is the world that exposed me to the dramatic wealth differences in Colombia. This is the world that makes me want to spread the stories I've heard and convince everyone I know to help. I've grown attached to the stories I'm turning into videos (to see the final documentaries - www.mobility17.org - after Aug 15) because I'm holding people's life stories. If it was just this world, I don't know if I'd feel as strongly that Colombia has changed from my preconceived notions of violence, displacement, and sadness. 
Which is why I'm grateful for the other world - the world outside of work. Paired with the first world, the world outside of work has made me fall in love with Colombia. This is what we've been doing outside of work… 
Julie
Lost in Translation

My Spanish isn’t terrible. And sometimes that’s the worst part. I have been able to get so far as to have a genuinely comfortable relationship with my host family, my compañeros, and my cogestora, and at this point I consider them all close friends and very important parts of my life. But the frustrations ensue in those impossible times when I’m having a casual conversation and I hit a road block—a word I can’t say, a phrase that doesn’t translate well, a sentiment that just sounds wrong. I get rattled, nervous, and stumble upon trying to say basic things going forward.



The tool I’ve found useful in crossing this language barrier is time. Sitting for an extra 5 minutes at the dinner table, inviting a friend to lunch, or even emailing my cogestora an interesting article, have proved to strengthen my relationships when words get in the way. But during interviews, I feel robbed of this tool and being able to form connections with the families with limited time has been extremely challenging. But from this challenge I’ve learned the importance of the impressions you make at all times—not only your first, and not only your lasting impression, but the impression of your presence. And although this video makes me cringe, it also makes me proud. Because through all the stuttering, “como?’”s and “umm”s, I managed to gain trust from these families to make them comfortable enough in my presence to tell me their story.  

David
Before going to the DE academy, my neighbor, a woman born and raised in Colombia, was catching up with my mom when they  landed on the topic of my upcoming trip. My neighbor told my mother and I that there is a lot of racism in Colombia. Before she mentioned it, race hadn't crossed my mind. Even so, the reality that racism exists didn't surprise me because there is racism in the States. The main difference is I wasn't sure how racism would present itself in Colombia.
Since arriving in Colombia I've struggled with the the denial of racism and differences between Black and Colombian culture as well as the lack of racial discourse. This is exacerbated when I consider Colombia's colonial past and the socioeconomic differences that persist today. It makes sense that Black (and Indian) populations are still disadvantaged and faced with lower socioeconomic standing, as they were hundreds of years ago. Poverty is often systematic because the resources needed to escape it are not readily available and populations that are impoverished, more often Black and Indian, are more likely to stay that way.


To better understand race in Colombia, I read blog posts, websites, essays and academic articles about the topic. The denial of racism by many Colombians as well as how racism manifested itself in Colombia were common threads across the board. Sure enough, I encountered the denial of racism here in Medellin. On my first day of work I talked to a social worker from Medellin Solidaria about race. I described racism in the States and he smiled, almost condescendingly, and said "here in Colombia, there is no racism. The color of your skin isn't important at all." His response is the standard one I've been given whenever I broach the subject, as my previous reading had predicted. Perhaps I'm already a cynic at the young age of 19 but the 'no racism here!' response seems too good to be true. There is an allure to the denial. It would be nice if who I am were what's important, like people say, rather than the pigment of my skin. Nationality further complicates the situation. I've avoided many problems, like being denied entry to clubs, solely because I'm an American but the influence of nationality and status is a topic better left for another blog post. What's confusing is Colombia claims to be multicultural but every person I've asked denies that there is a difference in between Black and 'typical' Colombian cultures. Paradoxical seems like an apt description.  I'm not sure what's at work here, what the motivation is for avoiding discussing these topics but ignoring problems isn't going to fix them in the same way that ignoring your overflowing sink won't make the drain work.

I've experienced racism here first hand. Last week I was minding my own business, strolling towards the pedestrian bridge to record a time lapse when a police officer blocked my path and told me to stop. The rest I didn't catch, but the message was clear, you're being searched. This position isn't new to me but I've never been searched for walking down the street. I am still unable to divine a legitimate reason for my search, I was dressed in markedly American attire, T-shirt, shorts and flip flops, and disturbing no one. Apparently my complexion was enough reason to be considered suspicious. After the search I asked their names which they wouldn't give me because 'I had no right to know this information.'
    

Through their actions, the police made me feel powerless and, for a moment, stripped of my humanity. My right to privacy had been thoroughly trampled upon and I wasn't even worthy of knowing their names. There was nothing I could do but away and hate how they had disrespected me. While recording the time lapse, I witnessed the police stop two other people, another young black male and a homeless man. Based on their selections,it appears that blacks and homeless people have the same social standing here. To make this a completely stereotypical encounter with race in Colombia, a friend of mine told me that this happened because the police are stupid, not because of racism. The material I'd read proved to be spot on, racism exists in Colombia but no one wants to admit it.
    

In the states I'm aware of both Black and 'typical' American culture. Each has it's good and bad aspects and I love both of them dearly. I'm also pleased that they are not mutually exclusive groups and that I can be a member in each, an experience from which I've benefited. If the Colombians with whom I've spoken are correct, then I feel many people are missing out on the chance to experience racial and national culture. By no means am I trying to say that the USA has race and related topics figured out, that would be a lie. But at least there is space for discussion.
    

Despite the problems, there are things that I enjoy. Many Colombians are up front with describing you, especially with terms of endearment. Gordita, sweet fat girl, is a common example of this. I like when some of the host moms calls me "mi negrito," my sweet black boy, but this would be unacceptable and cringe worthy in the States because of the history behind the term negro. The intention is what makes the difference for me, through this term, these host moms are showing their affection for me and it helps that I was aware of this cultural practice ahead of time. That being said, I don't think I'd be okay with the term negrito in an American, English-speaking context At times, Colombia and the States don't seem that different. For example, people love to touch my hair. Sometimes they ask for permission, sometimes I offer after watching them eye my afro and other times they touch it without asking. They usually say the same things- "it's so soft!" "Do you have to comb it or is it always like that?" "Do you hide stuff in there?" etc.
    

My time here has spurred me to explore race and for this I'm thankful. Even so, It frustrates me knowing that I won't greatly influence the way many Colombians think about race and that I won't fully grasp the topic of race as it relates to me in the near future.
Alexa
The Power of an Unheard Voice
Dani 
Place

I never get attached to places.

I’m not attached to my Southern roots. Or the sleepy town where I was born and raised. My neighborhood is an idyllic representation of the classic suburban landscape and it’s all an illusion, lacking warmth while full of empty hellos and "how are you’s." Spacious homes with spacious yards. Too much space. And too little unity, a collective identity, a sense of belonging.

And then I come to Medellín. My entrevistado/as are filled with pride for their homes, their barrios, their city. “This is MY house. MY Picacho. MY Medellín.” Their eyes grow big, facial expressions soft and joyful, and the room begins to glow with love and light. Place is struggle. Place is renewal. Place is spiritual. Place is everything

I had yet to experience this sort of love for a place before I came to Medellín. The sort of attachment that exudes an immeasurable sense of devotion, pride, and loyalty. But I feel it now. I felt it on my last day working in the field, the almost silent taxi ride with my cogestora from Picacho to Metro Suramericana. I felt it when I handed her my Medellín Solidaria chaleco, gave her a hug, and thanked her for an invigorating three weeks of trekking up hilly terrains in order to interview the brave and gracious families. I felt it when I was utterly speechless as a compañero reminded us that we only had a few more weeks left, that there wasn’t time to not enjoy every moment, even the little moments of just being together. And I felt it when I labeled this post with the number 6. 6 of 8. A gentle reminder that I will be leaving this place when 6 becomes 8.

Places ground us in context, in empathy, in understanding. Places guide us into other worlds, other cultures, other modes of being… of imagining a world that extends beyond our comfortable existence in Durham, North Carolina.

Perhaps, this is to say that what I have found most beautiful and challenging about my time in Medellín is how fond I’ve grown of this place and its people.

Because even in the midst of being displaced, a new place becomes a source of hope and healing. A new barrio receives displaced families, offering them refuge from violence or conflict so as to become a new home. And not even unemployment and economic woes can undermine this conceptualization of place as a means of everlasting strength.

I’m trying to be present and enjoy all the little moments, but sadly, 6 will eventually become 8. And the words, the photos, and the videos will soon trigger memories of this newly found attachment…this love for a place that has personally transformed me and helped me start down a path that feels more right and more real.

So it only seems appropriate that we return this love. We tell the stories of the people we have met…the entrevistado/as in our documentaries and the ones that time didn’t allow for us to fine tune during the course of this project. We tell the stories of unexpected kindness, how strangers are never quite strangers, how paisas will not settle for anything less than peace, and how we as gringos have been welcomed here as family.

We tell the story of Medellín, nuestro hogar.
Albert
Yo creo que en los Estados Unidos hay un mayor sentido de…de derecho? …um…mucha gente siempre se siente como mercen más. La mayoría de personas quieren más dinero, más cosas… que tienen.  En mi experiencia… ellos no me parecen contentos con su situación*.  My host mom seemed to understand despite my long pauses where I would have to think of the right word.  She had just asked me how poverty in the U.S. differed from poverty in Medellín.  A few of the many things that I love about my host family are that they find happiness in sharing the gift of life with friends and family, they exhibit an affection that I have not found outside of my own family in Connecticut, and they genuinely want me to learn. When I do not understand something, my host mom will explain it again, and again until I understand.  There never has been a moment where any member of my host family has just said nevermind or it’s not that important.  In fact, often times, they bring out the dictionary or ask that I grab my computer from my room to more easily cross the language barrier.  Explaining my opinions and emotions in Spanish proves difficult, and a discussion of poverty was no exception, so long after the conversation ended, I reflected upon how I had answered this question.

During my time in the field, I looked down on myself often.  All of the families I visited lived in houses smaller than I’ve ever seen; in conditions that I believed didn’t exist in the United States.  I grew up close to New Haven, CT, a city that boasts Yale University, exceptional pizza, great urban culture, but also gang violence, occasional drive by shootings and extremely poor neighborhoods. In high school as I watched the nightly news along side both my parents in the comfort of my living room, I always felt like I knew what poverty is.  Through my time in the field, I’ve realized that I’m not sure I do. 

In barrio Picacho, despite each family’s lack of money, lack of resources, and sometimes running-water, they have things to be proud of and things to be happy about.  I commonly heard phrases like I have my health, my family and god in a tone that said these things were the 3 essentials to a happy life.  These families have no shame in their situations because they have so much more to be thankful for.  They may have been poor in economic terms, but the families that I encountered live lives rich in love, happiness, pride, hard work and dedication.  At Duke, I’m focused on getting a great paying job; one that maybe is not as fulfilling, but compensates with a large paycheck.  I find that this mentality permeates Duke’s campus.  However, after each day in the field, I walked home slowly from the metro.  My feet dragged with fatigue after a day of climbing countless stairs, but my mind reeled with a desire to give back, to help, and to create change.  I think about if this feeling will weather my time abroad in the fall and stick even when I re-enter the duke bubble. 

When I thought back to my statement I made to my host mother, I felt ignorant for generalizing. I have never experienced poverty.  I observed it from the outside back home as well as in Medellín, but was never forced to live in such a situation.  When I attempted to apply my opinion to the entire United States, I realized that I committed a mistake.  I can only speak for the experiences that I encountered in my life. My statement sounded like more of a self-critique than any overarching statement.  I cannot compare and contrast poverty in the U.S. and Colombia because I don’t feel like I’ll ever know the extent of the struggle.  I know that Poverty led my birth mother to give me up for adoption.  I know that this life I am fortunate to live has origins in poverty.  But even that “experience” in poverty will never be substantial to say I endured it.  I can only hope that I take what I learned here in Colombia back to the U.S. where I’ll cherish more of the little details in life. 

“Los simples detalles son los que hacen feliz la vida, no necesitamos dinero para ser felices” – My host mother, Margarita Maria Jaramillo.
(From left to right: my host mother, Katie, me, my host tía)
* I think that in the United States there is a greater sense of entitlement.  Many people feel like they always deserve more.  The majority of people want more money, more things than they have.  To me, they never seem content with what they have.